■体裁:B5版、約170ページ
■発刊:2013/4
■ISBNコード:978-4-7813-0271-3
■シーエムシー出版

★需要が伸びる「バイオベースポリマー」の基礎から応用まで
★世界に誇る日本のバイオマテリアルの高性能、高機能化を解説
★進化を続けるバイオベースポリマーの実用化拡大に向けた最新技術を紹介

【監修】
木村良晴

【著者】
Yoshiharu　Kimura　　　Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Department of Bio-based Materials Science
Hajime Nakajima　　　Post-doctoral researcher,Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Maria José Climent　　　Professor, Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)
Maria Mifsud　　　 Professor,Instituto de Tecnología Química(Universidad Politécnica de Valencia- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)
Sara Iborra　　　 Professor,Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)
Hitomi Ohara　　　Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Department of Bio-based Materials Science
Hideki Yamane　　　Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Department of Bio-based Materials Science
Tadahisa Iwata　　　Professor, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,Depart,ment of Biomaterial Sciences
Takeharu Tsuge　　　Associate professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials
Sei-ichi Taguchi　　　Professor, Hokkaido University,Graduate School of Engineering,
Hideki Abe　　　Team Reader ,RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, Bioplastic Research Team
Toshihisa Tanaka 　　　Associate Professor, Shinshu University, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
Mureo Kaku　　　Manager , Dupont Kabushiki Kaisha, Industrial Bioscience
Kotaro Satoh　　　Associate Professor, Nagoya University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Masami Kamigaito　　　Professor , Nagoya University Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Sei-ichi Aiba 　　　Senior Research Scientist, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Biological Substance Engineering Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute
Shiro Kobayashi　　　Distinguished Professor, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Center for Nanomaterials and Devices
Masatsugu Mochizuki 　　　Professor, Kyoto Institute of
Technology,Center for Fiber and Textile Science

【刊行にあたって】
Synthesis of polymeric materials from renewable natural resources dates back only to the beginning of this century. In spite of this short history, these polymeric materials have now been accepted as ‘‘biobased materials’’ or more specifically “biobased polymers”. This prompt acceptance of these new materials is based on the belief that their use efficiently contributes to suppressing the increase in carbon dioxide content in the global atmosphere, which is generally explained by the character of “carbon neutral” or “carbon offset”. It is also believed that the development of biobased materials may possibly open a reliable route to new bio-industries that should be superior to the current oil-based industries in terms of sustainability. Until now, a considerable number of biobased polymers have already been proposed, and some of them are really industrialized. They are generally synthesized from naturally occurring biomass resources by the combination of chemical and biological technologies, which is admitted as “white biotechnology” or “industrial biotechnology”. For replacing the ordinary oil-based plastics including engineering plastics, the bio-based polymers ought to have excellent functional properties and high performance. Currently, such high-performance biobased polymers, both fully and partly biobased ones, have already been developed. These novel polymers can be combined with the conventional plastic materials to create a new polymer platform in the polymer science and engineering of the future.
This book is dedicated to the research and development communities in academia and in industry to promote the industrialization of the biobased polymers mentioned above and to support the teaching of the advances in new materials in universities and other societies. The contents may not be comprehensive because naturally occurring polymers are not included in order to concentrate on the newly developed biobased polymers of synthetic origin. However, new trials for developing biobased polymers are mostly covered, and each chapter of this book is full of new information and idea, being really useful not only for scientists and engineers of materials fields but also for other experts of different disciplines.
Publishing of this book was achieved by choosing authors of the individual chapters on the basis of their expertise and their excellent contributions to the research fields. I’m very grateful to these scientists for their willingness and engagement in contributing their book chapters. Without their effort the publication would not have been done.

Yoshiharu Kimura
February 21, 2013

【目次】
Chapter1-General Introduction-Overview of the current development of biobased polymers　　( Hajime Nakajima、Yoshiharu Kimura )
1.1 Concept of bio-based polymers
1.2 Bio-based polymers and biodegradable polymers
1.3 Current biobased polymers
1.3.1 (1) Biomass polymers
1.3.2(2) Bio-engineered polymers
1.3.3 (3) New metabolite polymers from bio-originated building blocks
1.3.4 (4) Conventional petrochemical polymers from bio-derived monomers
1.4 New bio-based polymers
1.5 High-performance biobased polymers
1.6 Growing production of biobased polymers
1.7 Biomass refinery
1.7.1 Biobased building blocks from cellulose
1.7.2 Production of bio-succinic acid
1.7.3 1.3-Propanediol and 3-hydroxy propionic acid from glycerol
1.8 Industrialization of PLLA
1.8.1 NatureWorks LLC
1.8.2 PURAC
1.8.3 PURAC-Sulzer Chemtech-Synbra
1.8.4 PURAC-Arkema
1.8.5 PURAC-Indorama
1.9 Industrialization of sc-PLA
1.9.1 FKuR/Synbra
1.9.2 Teijin
1.10 Manufacturing of bacterial polyesters
1.11 Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) and its copolymers
1.12 Other biobased polymers
1.12.1 Various biobased polyamides
1.13 Latest examples of high-performance biobased polymers
1.13.1 Bio-based LCP
1.13.2 Isosorbide-containing polymers
1.13.3 Terpene-derived polymers
1.13.4 Specialty PLA polymers from modified lactides
1.14 New platform of bio-based polymers

Chapter2 Biomass and Biomass Refining　　( Maria Jose Climent, Maria Mifsud, Sara Iborra )
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Carboxylic acids and polyols
2.2.1 Lactic acid
2.2.2 Succinic acid
2.2.3 3-Hydroxypropionic acid
2.2.4 Levulinic acid
2.2.5 Glycerol
2.2.6 Furans
2.2.7 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF)
2.2.8 Furfural

Chapter3 Bio-polyesters　　( Hitomi Ohara )
3.1　Poly(lactic acid) 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
3.1.1　Lactic acid fermentation
3.1.2　Synthesis of poly(lactic acid)
3.1.3　Industrial manufacturing methods
3.1.4　Direct polycondensation
3.1.5　Conclusion
3.2　Stereocomplex PLA 　　( Hideki Yamane )
3.2.1Introduction
3.2.2　Melt-blending of PLLA and PDLA
3.2.3　Melt-spinning of PLLA/PDLA blend
3.2.4　Biaxially oriented PLLA/PDLA blend films
3.2.5　Conclusion
3.3　 Polyhydroxyalkanoate　　( Tadahisa Iwata, Takeharu Tsuge, Sei-ichi Taguchi, Hideki Abe, Toshihisa Tanaka )
3.3.1　General Introduction
3.3.2　Biosynthesis of P(3HB) and its Copolymers
3.3.3　Fermentative Production and Mechanical Properties of PHB and its Copolymers
3.3.4　Ultra-high-molecular-weight P(3HB)
3.3.5　Structure of P(3HB)
3.3.6　Fibers of P(3HB) and its Copolymer
3.3.7　UHMW-P(3HB) Fibers
3.3.8　Structure and Function of PHB Depolymerase
3.3.9　Industrial production of P(3HB) and its copolymers
3.4　5, 6 – Poly(trimethylene terephthalate, PTT) 　　( Mureo Kaku )
3.4.1　 Introduction
3.4.2　Bio-1,3 Propanediol(Bio-PDO)
3.4.3　Poly(trimethylene terephthalate, PTT)
3.4.4　Sorona○R Polymer for Fiber Applications
3.4.5　Sorona○R Polymer for Injection Mold Applications.
3.4.6　Summary

Chapter4　New Polymerization Methods for Biobased Polymers 　
4.1New Polymerization Methods for Bio-based Polymers from Renewable Vinyl Monomers　　( Kotaro Satoh, Masami Kamigaito )
4.1.1 Introduction.
4.1.2 Controlled/Living Polymerization of Petrochemical Vinyl Monomers.
4.1.3 Polymerizations of Naturally-Occurring Olefins (Terpenes)
4.1.4 Polymerizations of Naturally-Occurring Styrenes (Phenylpropanoids)
4.1.5 Naturally-Derived Acrylic Monomers.
4.1.6 Conclusion
4.2　Biobased polyamides　　( Seiichi Aiba )
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2 2 Biobased PAs in the market and under R & D
4.2.3 Conclusion
4.3 Enzymatic Polymerization　　( Shiro Kobayashi )
4.3.1　 Introduction
4.3.2　Characteristics of enzymatic reactions and basic concept of enzymatic polymerization
4.3.3　Synthesis of polysaccharides
4.3.4　Synthesis of polyesters
4.3.5　Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Chapter 5　Application of Bio-based Polymers　　( Masatsugu Mochizuki )
5.1　Introduction
5.2　Key performance features of PLA
5.2.1　Chemical, physical and thermal properties
5.2.2　Biodegradability and their biodegradation mechanism
5.2.3　Environmental sustainability
5.3　Processing of PLA
5.3.1　Melt crystallization and cold crystallization
5.3.2　Crystallization rate of PLA
5.4　High-performance PLA
5.4.1　Heat resistance
5.4.2　Hydrolysis resistance
5.4.3　Impact strength
5.5　PLA products and potential applications
5.5.1　Fibers and nonwovens
5.5.2　Films and sheets
5.5.3　Injection molding
5.5.4　Thermoforming
5.5.5　Foaming molding